How do the effective bone properties evolve during normal and pathological calcification?

How do dynamic heterogeneities evolve in time?

We present simulations of a hard disc system and analyze the time evolution of the dynamic heterogeneities. We characterize the time evolution of slow regions and slow particles individually. The motion of slow clusters turns out to be very restricted, i.e. a cluster is generated and annihilated in a spatial region four times the size of its maximum extent. The residual motion of the cluster ca...

How and Why Do Aging and Life Span Evolve?

Wings, Horns, and Butterfly Eyespots: How Do Complex Traits Evolve?

Throughout their evolutionary history, organisms have evolved numerous complex morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to increase their chances of survival and reproduction. Insects have evolved wings and flight, which allowed them to better disperse [2], beetles have grown horns to fight over females [3], and moths and butterflies have decorated their wings with bright circle...

How often do duplicated genes evolve new functions?

A recently duplicated gene can either fix a null allele (becoming a pseudogene) or fix an (advantageous) allele giving a slightly different function, starting it on the road to evolving a new function. Here we examine the relative probabilities of these two events under a simple model. Null alleles are assumed to be neutral; linkage effects are ignored, as are unequal crossing over and gene con...

How do business groups evolve? Evidence from new project announcements

Using a unique data set of investment projects from India, we examine how business groups choose between implementing a new project within an existing firm (“integration”) versus implementing in a new firm (“non-integration”). While industry commonality is an important determinant of this choice, we document that it is also common for groups to house diversification projects in existing firms. ...